historyWikipedia5th century BC · Athens, Greece

Athens let citizens vote to exile a fellow citizen for ten years, without any crime

the gist

Ostracism was an Athenian democratic procedure in which citizens voted each year on whether to expel someone from the city for ten years. Each voter scratched the name of the person he wanted removed onto a piece of broken pottery, called an ostrakon, and the man with the most votes, provided enough people had voted, was sent away. It was often used preemptively, to neutralise someone seen as a potential tyrant, rather than as punishment for a crime. The exile kept his property and could return after ten years.

how it works

Each year the Athenian assembly asked whether an ostracism should take place. If it did, citizens wrote a name on an ostrakon and deposited it. A quorum of at least 6,000 votes was required, and the person with the most votes was banished for ten years without losing citizenship or property.

so what

Ostracism shows how Athens tried to guard its democracy against a single powerful figure rising above the law. The word still survives today for any form of social shunning, so the ancient procedure is the origin of a common English term.

fun fact

Many surviving ostraka bear names written by different hands, and some were inscribed with the names of people who were probably illiterate voters' neighbours.

Adapted from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia · CC BY-SA 4.0

Image: Wikimedia Commons