nature & planetWikipedia500 BC–500 AD · Nazca Desert, southern Peru

The Nazca lines are giant desert drawings made by removing reddish pebbles to reveal pale soil

the gist

The Nazca lines are a group of geoglyphs in the Nazca Desert of southern Peru, made between about 500 BC and 500 AD. People made them by removing the top layer of reddish-brown pebbles to expose the yellow-grey soil underneath, leaving lines that are typically 10 to 15 centimetres deep. The combined length of the lines exceeds 1,300 kilometres, and they include hundreds of straight lines and geometric shapes as well as more than 70 animal and plant figures, such as a hummingbird, a monkey and a spider. Most of the figures are best seen from the air, and drones have revealed several hundred new ones in the 21st century. The lines have survived because the area is dry, windless and stable.

how it works

The top layer of the desert floor is a coating of iron oxide on pebbles. Removing those pebbles exposes lighter subsoil underneath, which contrasts with the darker surface. The dry climate meant that the shallow marks were not eroded by wind or rain.

so what

The lines show that ancient Andean societies planned very large works across a landscape and kept them for centuries. Their survival is a result of desert conditions, which is why archaeologists can still study them. Scholars still debate their purpose, but most see them as religious in nature.

fun fact

The lines are in a UNESCO World Heritage Site, designated in 1994.

more on this

key facts

Country
Peru
Located in
Ica Department
Area
75,358 km²
Founded
200 BC
Created by
Nazca culture

Facts: Wikidata (CC0)

Adapted from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia · CC BY-SA 4.0

Image: Wikimedia Commons