historyWikipedia16th–18th century · Potosí, Bolivia
A mountain in Bolivia fed the Spanish Empire with silver for centuries
Potosí, a city high in the Bolivian Andes at about 4,067 metres, grew up around Cerro Rico, a mountain whose silver ore made it one of the richest places on Earth. Diego Huallpa, an indigenous prospector, is traditionally credited with finding the silver in 1545, and the city quickly boomed. For centuries it hosted the Spanish colonial silver mint, and its silver was carried by llama and mule to the Pacific coast, shipped north to Panama, hauled across the isthmus, and then sent to Spain on the treasure fleets. At the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries it was the second largest city in the world, after London. Today it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, known for its colonial architecture and still a mining centre.
Silver ore was mined from Cerro Rico and refined at the colonial mint. It moved overland by llama and mule to Pacific ports, then by sea and mule across Panama to Atlantic ports, and onward to Spain on the treasure fleets. Some silver went east via the Rio de la Plata and west to Acapulco for the Manila Galleons, which traded it for Asian goods.
Potosí shows how a single resource can shape a global economy. Silver from the Andes flowed across three oceans and helped finance Spain's empire and trade with Asia, including via the Manila Galleons. Its story is a reminder that colonial wealth was extracted from indigenous labour under brutal conditions, and that the city's grandeur rests on that history.
Potosí was once the second largest city in the world, after London, around 1600.
see
key facts
- Country
- Bolivia
- Located in
- Potosí Municipality
- Population
- 189,652
- Area
- 118 km²
- Elevation
- 4,070 m
Facts: Wikidata (CC0)
Adapted from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia · CC BY-SA 4.0
Image: Wikimedia Commons
