money & economicsWikipedia1950–1998 · Anand, Gujarat, India

Verghese Kurien's cooperative model turned India into the world's largest milk producer

the gist

Verghese Kurien, a dairy engineer, set up the Kaira District Cooperative Milk Producers' Union in Anand, Gujarat, in 1950, which later became the Amul brand. The cooperative let village farmers own the processing and marketing, cutting out middlemen and linking them directly to consumers. In 1965 he led the National Dairy Development Board, which spread similar cooperatives across India. Milk output grew many times over in the following decades, and India became the world's largest milk producer in 1998. The model was later applied to edible oils and other crops.

how it works

Farmers pool their milk into a village cooperative that processes and sells it, so they keep the profit that middlemen would have taken. Scaling that network across districts raised output and made it reliable for the whole country.

so what

The White Revolution shows how a cooperative structure can raise rural incomes and production together, without relying on big corporations. Kurien's approach is still studied as a model for agricultural development. It explains why dairy is one of India's largest rural employers.

more on this

key facts

Born
26 November 1921
Died
9 September 2012
Known as
engineer, entrepreneur

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Image: Wikimedia Commons