pop & funWikipediac. 1300 BC · Ancient Egypt

Tic-tac-toe has been played for over 3,000 years, and a 1952 version was an early video game

the gist

Three-in-a-row games were played on roofing tiles in ancient Egypt around 1300 BC. In the Roman Empire, a version called terni lapilli gave each player only three pieces, so they had to slide them into empty spaces to keep playing, and its grid has been found chalked across Rome. The English name noughts and crosses appeared in print in 1858, while the American tic-tac-toe became common in the 20th century. In 1952 the British computer scientist Sandy Douglas wrote OXO for the EDSAC computer at Cambridge, one of the first known video games, and it could play perfect games against a human. In 1975 MIT students built a computer out of Tinkertoy parts that played the game perfectly.

so what

The game is a clean demonstration of how a simple rule set can be fully solved: a perfect strategy exists, so well-played games always end in a draw. It also shows how early computing was tested on everyday pastimes long before games became a major industry.

fun fact

A computer built almost entirely from Tinkertoy parts, made by MIT students in 1975, can play tic-tac-toe perfectly and is on display at the Computer History Museum.

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Adapted from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia · CC BY-SA 4.0

Image: Wikimedia Commons