mind & bodyanalysisWellcome Collectionc. 300 BC–1600s · Europe

For centuries lovesickness was treated as a real disease, with pulse-taking and baths as cures

the gist

For centuries lovesickness was considered a genuine illness, marked by an erratic heartbeat, pallor, poor appetite and low mood. In the Greek story of Antiochus and Stratonice, the physician Erasistratus diagnosed the prince's love by noticing that his pulse quickened in his stepmother's presence. Medieval doctors blamed excess black bile, and treatments included laxatives and bloodletting. Men of rank were prescribed baths and sport, while women were usually advised to marry. In the 1600s, Jacques Ferrand's treatise offered enemas and advice on clothing. Modern brain scans show that heartbreak activates reward circuits, which some researchers compare to withdrawal.

how it works

Humoral medicine held that emotions reflected imbalances of the body's fluids, so black bile was blamed for melancholy. Treatments aimed to purge or rebalance those fluids through diet, bloodletting and rest.

so what

The history shows how doctors' ideas about gender, class and the body shaped what counted as illness. Modern research on romantic heartbreak has revived some of the older observations.

Wellcome Collection · CC BY 4.0

Illustrative photo · Jan Steen, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons