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Begging the question means an argument assumes its own conclusion, so it proves nothing
Begging the question is an argument whose premises already assume the conclusion, so it demonstrates nothing new. A classic example: wool sweaters are better than nylon jackets for fall because they have more wool content, which quietly assumes wool is better to begin with. The Latin name is petitio principii, and a circular version is claiming the Bible is true because the Bible says so. In everyday English the phrase has drifted to mean raise the question, a usage that logicians criticise because it dilutes the original meaning. The fault is in the structure of the argument, not in how strongly someone believes it.
Circular arguments slip the conclusion into a premise. Once the premise is accepted, the conclusion follows trivially, but nothing has been shown. A useful test is whether a sceptic who rejects the conclusion would also reject the premise.
Spotting it protects you in debates about products, beliefs and policies alike. The shift in everyday meaning also shows how a technical term can change its sense in ordinary speech.
Aristotle discussed the fault in his works on logic, and it remains a core named fallacy in logic teaching today.
Adapted from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia · CC BY-SA 4.0
Illustrative photo · me, based on Toshihiko Miura's diagram., Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
