sportsWikipedia712 onward · Japan

Sumo's origin myth is a contest between gods, and early bouts could end in a death

the gist

Sumo's earliest record is the Kojiki of 712, which tells how two kami wrestled to decide who would rule the Japanese islands, and the god Takemikazuchi crushed the arm of Takeminakata. The Nihon Shoki of 720 dates the first mortal match to 23 BC. Until the Japanese Middle Ages, these bouts were unregulated and could end in the death of a fighter. Sumo became a court ritual in the Heian period, and during the Kamakura period it was used to train samurai. Oda Nobunaga held a tournament of 1,500 wrestlers in 1578, and the circular arena used there is the origin of the dohyo. In the Edo period it became organised under shrine charity events and a professional system.

so what

Sumo's history shows how a religious and ceremonial ritual became a martial training method, then a commercial and national symbol. The circular ring and many ceremonial details still come from the Edo period, so they are centuries old. Its modern form reflects shifts from warrior culture to the Meiji restoration and Western influence.

fun fact

Tanikaze Kajinosuke, an 18th-century wrestler, is recognised as the first historical yokozuna, the highest rank in sumo.

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Adapted from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia · CC BY-SA 4.0

Image: Wikimedia Commons