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nature & planetMongabay

El Niño’s hidden toll on trees emerges years later in Papua New Guinea rainforest

the gist

In a 50-hectare research plot in Papua New Guinea, researchers tracked more than 21,000 trees before, during and two years after the severe 2015-17 El Niño drought. Tree deaths were significantly higher after the drought than during it. Only 5.2% of the area's rainfall fell in the dry season during the drought, against 13.1% before and 9.6% afterwards. Trees on valleys and on ridges responded differently: valley trees died more before and during the drought but bounced back quickly afterwards. The researchers could not pin down exactly why the delayed deaths happened, but the pattern suggests survivors were weakened enough to die later.

how it works

Drought stress can damage a tree's water-carrying vessels and drain its stored energy without killing it at once. Weakened trees are then more vulnerable to later stresses, so deaths can show up well after rainfall returns.

so what

Measuring forest damage only during a drought can understate its cost. Climate models that count a drought's effect on forests only while it lasts may underestimate how much carbon tropical forests lose.

Mongabay · CC BY-ND 4.0