science & techWikipedia2014 · Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
A lander bounced twice before making the first soft landing on a comet
On 12 November 2014 the European Space Agency's Philae lander touched down on comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, ten years and eight months after leaving Earth with the Rosetta probe. It did not go to plan: the harpoons meant to anchor it failed to fire, and a thruster designed to press it to the surface did not work, so Philae bounced twice before settling in a poor spot and orientation. It still made the first soft landing on a comet nucleus and sent images and data for about 64 hours, the first from a comet's surface. Its batteries then ran down, and it sent only occasional signals in mid-2015 before falling silent.
Comets are leftovers from the early solar system, so analysing their surface material tells scientists what the building blocks of the planets were like. Philae's instruments made the first on-the-spot analysis of a comet nucleus, including its composition and the gas escaping from it. The lander was finally spotted in Rosetta photographs on 2 September 2016.
Philae is named after an island in the Nile, where an obelisk helped decode Egyptian hieroglyphs, echoing Rosetta, named after the Rosetta Stone.
Adapted from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia · CC BY-SA 4.0
Photo: ESA/ATG medialab, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
