historyLibrary of Congress: Worlds Revealed1659 onward · Bidasoa River, France–Spain
Condominiums: Exploring Jointly Ruled Territories Through Maps
A condominium in international law is a territory jointly governed or owned by two or more sovereign states, and the arrangement has existed in many forms. Sudan was a condominium of Britain and Egypt from 1899 to 1956, and Bosnia was jointly ruled by Austria and Hungary from 1908 to 1918. Border areas and water bodies are common sites for these arrangements: the Gulf of Fonseca has been shared by Nicaragua, El Salvador and Honduras since 1980, and Norway and Russia shared a border district from 1684 to 1826. The smallest example is Pheasant Island in the Bidasoa River, which France and Spain share and rule in alternating six-month periods. Maps often show these territories poorly, because cartographers have to choose how to depict shared sovereignty.
Two or more states agree to govern or own the same territory jointly, usually by treaty. Shared rule can cover a whole country, a river, a gulf or an island, and it can last from months to centuries. Maps then have to show overlapping or shared claims, which is why many older maps label these places inconsistently.
Condominiums show that sovereignty does not always mean one state drawing one clean line. They also explain why some borders on maps look ambiguous or inconsistent over time. Mapmakers have had to represent shared rule in many different ways.
Pheasant Island is uninhabited and is ruled by France and Spain in alternating six-month periods.
background
A condominium (plural either condominia, as in Latin, or condominiums) in international law is a territory (such as a border area or a state) in or over which multiple sovereign powers formally agree to share equal dominion and exercise their rights jointly, without dividing it into "national" zones.
Although a condominium has always been recognized as a theoretical possibility, condominia have been rare in practice. A major problem, and the reason so few have existed, is the difficulty of ensuring co-operation between the sovereign powers; once the understanding fails, the status is likely to become untenable.
From Wikipedia: Condominium (international law) (CC BY-SA 4.0) ↗ · text CC BY-SA 4.0