politicsWikipedia1812 · Massachusetts, USA

Gerrymandering is named after a governor whose district looked like a salamander

the gist

Gerrymandering is the manipulation of electoral district boundaries to give one party, group or class an advantage. It works in two main ways: cracking spreads an opposing group's voters thinly across many districts, while packing concentrates them in one district so they win few other seats. Incumbents can also use it to protect their own seats. The name comes from Elbridge Gerry, who as governor of Massachusetts signed a bill in 1812 that created oddly shaped districts favouring his party. One district resembled a salamander, and a newspaper cartoonist coined the word by combining the two.

how it works

Map-makers choose boundaries, so they can group or split voters. Packing gives one party a few very safe seats and cracking leaves the rival with narrow losses in many seats, which can flip the overall balance.

so what

Because the party drawing the maps can shape which voters elect which representatives, district boundaries can decide election outcomes before a single vote is cast. Courts and states have repeatedly debated how much of this is allowed, and the rules differ from place to place.

has this happened before?

Gerrymandering has been a feature of American politics since the early republic, and redistricting after each census has repeatedly sparked court cases. Similar disputes over drawing boundaries occur in many countries, with some using independent commissions to reduce the effect. The debate usually concerns how to balance representation, party competition and the rules courts will enforce.

fun fact

Elbridge Gerry later served as Vice President of the United States, dying in office in 1814.

Adapted from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia · CC BY-SA 4.0

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