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The Great Barrier Reef lost over half its coral cover between 1995 and 2017

the gist

The Great Barrier Reef, off Queensland, Australia, is the world's largest coral reef system: more than 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands stretching over 2,300 kilometres. It is the biggest single structure made by living things, built by billions of tiny coral polyps, and visible from space. A 2020 study found that over half of its coral cover was lost between 1995 and 2017, driven by mass bleaching from warming seas, runoff of pollutants, and outbreaks of the crown-of-thorns starfish. Much of the reef is protected by a marine park that limits fishing and tourism, which brings in more than AUD 3 billion a year.

how it works

Corals get their colour and most of their food from algae living in their tissue. When the sea becomes too warm the corals expel the algae and turn white, which is bleaching; if the heat lasts, the coral starves and dies, though it can recover if temperatures fall soon enough.

so what

The reef shows how climate change and local pressures combine: warm water causes bleaching, while pollution and predators weaken the corals' chance to recover. It was listed as a World Heritage Site in 1981 and is part of the culture and spirituality of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.

fun fact

Corals on the reef spawn together in a mass event on a few nights each year after a late-spring full moon.

more on this

key facts

Country
Australia
Located in
Queensland
Area
348,000 km²

Facts: Wikidata (CC0)

Adapted from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia · CC BY-SA 4.0

Image: Wikimedia Commons