historyWikipedia1798–1801 · Giza, Egypt

The Great Sphinx lost its nose long before Napoleon's soldiers arrived in Egypt

the gist

A popular story says Napoleon's troops shot off the nose of the Great Sphinx of Giza during their campaign in Egypt from 1798 to 1801, but the nose was already missing centuries earlier. Written records show it was gone by at least the 10th century, long before the French arrived. The Sphinx is a limestone monument on the Giza plateau that was carved from the bedrock, so the face was never assembled from separate blocks. Its damage likely came from centuries of weathering, human vandalism and the stone's natural erosion. The myth persists because it links a famous monument to a dramatic episode in European history.

so what

The myth shows how easily a dramatic story can replace the documented record, especially when it flatters a famous historical figure. Checking the sources reveals a slower story of erosion and neglect over many centuries.

fun fact

The Great Sphinx was carved out of the bedrock of the Giza plateau rather than built from separate stone blocks.

Adapted from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia · CC BY-SA 4.0

Illustrative photo · en:User:Hajor, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons